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幸福の経済学:持続可能な未来のための地域社会とグローバル協力

参照記事 Wellbeing campaigner

幸福キャンペーン活動家: 社会はビジネスを形作るべきであり、その逆ではない

ヘレナ・ノーバーグ=ホッジが1970年代から時間を過ごしてきたラダックの仏教修道院。写真: ラブアン・ジャン=バティスト

従来の開発は破壊的であり、SDGsは妨げであり、ローカリゼーションがその答えかもしれないと、ローカルフードのパイオニア、ヘレナ・ノーバーグ=ホッジは言います。

1970年代から西洋の影響が浸透するにつれてインドのヒマラヤ山脈の遠隔地が変わるのを見たことが、ヘレナ・ノーバーグ=ホッジに従来の開発での破壊的状況を体感しています。

活動家のノーバーグ=ホッジは、1975年に人類学的な映画クルーの一員として初めて北インドのラダックを訪れ、その場所に魅了されました。その後、次の15年間毎年6ヶ月間そこに戻り、言語を習得し、現地の人々を助けるためにNGOや再生可能エネルギープロジェクトを設立しました。

彼女の経験は、ローカリゼーションと人間と環境の幸福に基づいた経済システムの創造を強く支持するようになりました。1994年には、ロンドンで地元で調達された食品の利点についての会議を組織し、GDP成長よりも幸福を重視するというアイデアが一般的になる何十年も前に、「幸福の経済学」という用語を作りました。彼女はこの概念を「ビジネスが社会を形作るのではなく、社会がビジネスを形作る」と説明しています。

「社会がビジネスのルールを決定することは、共産主義とは異なります」と彼女は言います。「それは単に、市民が公共予算をどのように使いたいかについて投票することです。彼らはますます競争的でグローバルな道を続け、ほとんど説明責任がない状態を望んでいるのでしょうか?私たちの仕事は、コミュニティと場所へのつながりを再構築し、物が移動する距離を短縮し、CO2排出量を削減することです。これが私たちが『幸福の経済学』と呼ぶものです。」

今週、ノーバーグ=ホッジはスウェーデンで開催されるグローバル・エコビレッジ・ネットワークのヨーロッパ会議で講演しています。彼女は1991年にグローバル・エコビレッジ・ネットワークを共同設立し、持続可能に暮らす人々が互いに学べるようにしました。この会議は1996年にスコットランドのファインドホーンエココミュニティで50人が集まって以来、毎年開催されています。

彼女がラダックで目にしたものは、活動家にとって西洋の開発が人々の自尊心に悪影響を及ぼすことを確信させました。「人々は自分自身と世界にとても安らぎを感じ、生き生きとして喜びに満ちていました」と彼女は言います。「外部の消費者文化が地元のビジネスや仕事、特に農業を破壊していくのを一歩一歩見ました。地元の文化についてのすべてが価値がない、またはそれ以上に原始的で遅れたものと見なされるようになりました。それが人々にとってどれほど破壊的であったかを見ました。」

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写真: ヘレナ・ノーバーグ=ホッジ

幼い子供たちの健康結果は改善したと彼女は認めますが、西洋風の開発はまた西洋風の病気ももたらしました。「極端な寒さのため、3歳までの幼児死亡率はかなり高かった。しかし全体的に人々は非常に健康で、70代や80代の人もたくさんいました。ですから、西洋医学の前はみんな40歳で死んでいたという考えは間違っています。そして今では、癌、心臓病、糖尿病、高血圧、脳卒中などが存在し、以前はほとんど存在しなかったものです。」

そして、西洋の医療の影響により、ラダックの人々は自分たちの伝統医療への信頼を失いました。「伝統医療は無価値であり、西洋医学だけが価値があるという考えを持ちました。人々は期限切れの抗生物質を手に入れて過剰に服用することがありました。」1980年代初頭、ノーバーグ=ホッジの組織であるローカル・フューチャーズは、ダラムサラのチベット医療研究所での教育を支援するプログラムを開始し、伝統医を支援しました。

彼女は伝統的な開発と「進歩」という受け入れられている概念に批判的ですが(彼女の多く翻訳された本『懐かしい未来』で書いたように)、地元を支持することがグローバルな協力に反対することを意味するわけではないと明確にしています。

また、ローカリゼーションが自己利益やナショナリズムによって駆動されているという考えを拒否します。「人々がより安全であると感じると、違いを認識し、受け入れることができます。人々が不安を感じ、自分たちが無価値であり、生計を立てるのに苦労していると告げられたときに、偏見、恐怖、原理主義、さらにはテロリズムがエスカレートします。」

現在、ウェブサイトに5つの地域で10,000のコミュニティを掲載しているグローバル・エコビレッジ・ネットワークは、地元に焦点を当てつつグローバルに接続する例です。ノーバーグ=ホッジはエコビレッジを「驚くほど成功している」と称賛します。「それは潮流に逆らっていることを考えれば驚くべきことです。そのように生きることと生計を立てることを組み合わせるのは難しいのです。規制がそれを難しくしています。それにもかかわらず、エコビレッジは成長しています。」

しかし、ノーバーグ=ホッジは、エコビレッジに住むことはまだ小さなトレンドであり、ローカルフード運動がより主流になりつつあると認めています。「ファーマーズマーケットの設立、フードハブ、ボックススキーム、都市農場、農場ショップが増えています。そのような距離の短縮もグローバルに進行しています。非常に励みになります。」

彼女は、国連の持続可能な開発目標(SDGs)が世界の課題に対処するための助けではなく、妨げであると見ています。「今の多くのことのように、それらは良いことのように聞こえます。しかし、それが人々を眠らせてしまいます。最終的にはウィンドウドレッシング(表面的に見せかけを良くするための装飾や演出)の一種になり、必要な主要なシステムの変革には対処しません。」

ノーバーグ=ホッジは、基盤となる経済システムに対処することが、種の喪失のような問題に対処するために不可欠であると言います。「多くの人々は種が絶滅するのは過剰人口のせいだと信じていますが、そうではありません。それは技術とお金の結婚を含む経済システムのせいです。種の破壊と絶滅を防ぐために正直に見つめるなら、グローバリゼーションではなくローカリゼーションが非常に明白な答えです。しかし、私たちは一歩下がってグローバル経済の影響を全体的に見る必要があります。」

国の政府や多国籍企業のリーダーシップにあまり希望を見出せませんが、彼女は世界中で見られる前向きなステップについて慎重かつ楽観的です:

「グローバルに見れば、あらゆる場所に増殖する種があります。それらは再接続を築き、生物多様性と文化多様性のさらなる破壊を防いでいます。CO2排出量を削減しながら、人々の意味のある生計の機会を劇的に増やすことができることができるのです。」

幸福の経済学

幸福の経済学 | The article summarizes 幸福の経済学 ‘s transformative journey, likening it to effortless fishing where interactions naturally gravitated toward her. Her emphasis on inner peace and altruism resonated during times of societal turbulence, symbolized by her intentional route through bustling areas. Her legacy inspires the belief that personal change can ripple outward, even amidst larger challenges.

幸福の経済学

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Secondly, pubs are a great place to socialize and meet new people. Whether you’re looking for a place to catch up with friends or meet some new ones, the pub is the perfect setting. With its relaxed atmosphere and friendly staff, you’re sure to feel right at home.

幸福の経済学

Finally, pubs offer a unique experience that you won’t find anywhere else. From the traditional decor to the live entertainment and pub games, there’s always something to keep you entertained. Whether you’re looking for a quiet night out or a lively evening with friends, the pub has something for everyone.

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幸福の経済学

Another great way to find the best pubs in your area is to go on a pub crawl. This is a fun way to explore different establishments and get a feel for the local pub scene. Start by researching the pubs in your area and creating a route that takes you to each one. Make sure to pace yourself and enjoy each pub to its fullest.

Pub Atmosphere and Decor

One of the things that makes 幸福の経済学 so special is their atmosphere and decor. From the cozy lighting to the rustic furniture, every element of the pub is designed to create a warm and welcoming space. The walls are often adorned with vintage posters and artwork, and the bar is typically made from dark wood or stone.

幸福の経済学

The lighting is also an important part of the pub atmosphere. Many pubs use low lighting to create a cozy, intimate feel. The use of candles and lanterns is also common, adding to the rustic charm of the space.

Traditional English Pub Food and Drinks

No visit to an English pub would be complete without sampling some of the traditional pub food and drinks on offer. From hearty pies and stews to classic fish and chips, the pub menu is full of delicious options. Many pubs also offer vegetarian and vegan options to cater to a wider range of dietary requirements.

幸福の経済学

When it comes to drinks, beer is the most popular choice in 幸福の経済学 . From classic ales to refreshing lagers, there’s a beer for everyone. Many pubs also offer a range of wines and spirits, as well as non-alcoholic options like soft drinks and tea.

Live Entertainment at Local Pubs

Live entertainment is another big part of the pub experience. Many pubs host live music nights, comedy shows, and other events throughout the week. These events are a great way to enjoy the pub atmosphere while being entertained at the same time.

Pub Games and Activities

Pub games and activities are also a big part of the pub experience. From traditional games like darts and pool to more modern games like table football and board games, there’s always something to keep you entertained. Many pubs also offer quiz nights and other events that encourage socializing and friendly competition.

The Importance of Supporting Local Pubs

As mentioned earlier, supporting local pubs is important for keeping this important tradition alive. Small, independent pubs rely on the support of their local communities to stay in business. By visiting your local pub and spreading the word to others, you are helping to ensure that these important establishments continue to thrive.

Pub Etiquette and Tips

Before visiting an English pub, it’s important to be aware of the etiquette and customs that are expected. Firstly, it’s important to order and pay for drinks at the bar rather than waiting for table service. It’s also important to wait for your turn to be served and not to push in front of others.

British Pub
幸福の経済学

When it comes to tipping, it’s not customary to tip at 幸福の経済学 . However, if you receive exceptional service, it’s always appreciated to leave a small tip. Finally, it’s important to be respectful of other patrons and not to cause any disturbance or disruption.

Conclusion: Enjoying the Pub Experience Near You

In conclusion, visiting an English 幸福の経済学 is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?

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幸福の経済学

The history of 幸福の経済学 is also a big part of their charm. Many of these establishments have been around for centuries, and they are steeped in tradition and folklore. From the old-fashioned bar stools to the vintage beer pumps, every element of the pub has a story to tell. For lovers of history and culture, visiting an English pub is a must.

Why Visit a 幸福の経済学 ?

There are many reasons why you should visit a 幸福の経済学 . Firstly, it’s a great way to support local businesses. Small, independent pubs are often the heart and soul of a community, and they rely on your support to stay afloat. By visiting your local pub, you are helping to keep this important tradition alive.

Secondly, pubs are a great place to socialize and meet new people. Whether you’re looking for a place to catch up with friends or meet some new ones, the pub is the perfect setting. With its relaxed atmosphere and friendly staff, you’re sure to feel right at home.

幸福の経済学

Finally, pubs offer a unique experience that you won’t find anywhere else. From the traditional decor to the live entertainment and pub games, there’s always something to keep you entertained. Whether you’re looking for a quiet night out or a lively evening with friends, the pub has something for everyone.

Finding the Best 幸福の経済学 in Your Area

Finding the best 幸福の経済学 in your area can be a daunting task, especially if you’re new to the area. However, there are a few things you can do to make the process easier. Firstly, ask around. Talk to your friends and family and see if they have any recommendations. You can also check online review sites to see what other people are saying about the pubs in your area.

Kolkata

Another great way to find the best pubs in your area is to go on a pub crawl. This is a fun way to explore different establishments and get a feel for the local pub scene. Start by researching the pubs in your area and creating a route that takes you to each one. Make sure to pace yourself and enjoy each pub to its fullest.

Pub Atmosphere and Decor

One of the things that makes Kolkata so special is their atmosphere and decor. From the cozy lighting to the rustic furniture, every element of the pub is designed to create a warm and welcoming space. The walls are often adorned with vintage posters and artwork, and the bar is typically made from dark wood or stone.

Kolkata

The lighting is also an important part of the pub atmosphere. Many pubs use low lighting to create a cozy, intimate feel. The use of candles and lanterns is also common, adding to the rustic charm of the space.

Traditional English Pub Food and Drinks

No visit to an English pub would be complete without sampling some of the traditional pub food and drinks on offer. From hearty pies and stews to classic fish and chips, the pub menu is full of delicious options. Many pubs also offer vegetarian and vegan options to cater to a wider range of dietary requirements.

幸福の経済学

When it comes to drinks, beer is the most popular choice in 幸福の経済学 . From classic ales to refreshing lagers, there’s a beer for everyone. Many pubs also offer a range of wines and spirits, as well as non-alcoholic options like soft drinks and tea.

Live Entertainment at Local Pubs

Live entertainment is another big part of the pub experience. Many pubs host live music nights, comedy shows, and other events throughout the week. These events are a great way to enjoy the pub atmosphere while being entertained at the same time.

Pub Games and Activities

Pub games and activities are also a big part of the pub experience. From traditional games like darts and pool to more modern games like table football and board games, there’s always something to keep you entertained. Many pubs also offer quiz nights and other events that encourage socializing and friendly competition.

The Importance of Supporting Local Pubs

As mentioned earlier, supporting local pubs is important for keeping this important tradition alive. Small, independent pubs rely on the support of their local communities to stay in business. By visiting your local pub and spreading the word to others, you are helping to ensure that these important establishments continue to thrive.

Pub Etiquette and Tips

Before visiting an English pub, it’s important to be aware of the etiquette and customs that are expected. Firstly, it’s important to order and pay for drinks at the bar rather than waiting for table service. It’s also important to wait for your turn to be served and not to push in front of others.

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Life on The Planet
幸福の経済学

When it comes to tipping, it’s not customary to tip at 幸福の経済学 . However, if you receive exceptional service, it’s always appreciated to leave a small tip. Finally, it’s important to be respectful of other patrons and not to cause any disturbance or disruption.

Conclusion: Enjoying the Pub Experience Near You

In conclusion, visiting an English 幸福の経済学 is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?

In conclusion, visiting an English 幸福の経済学 is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?

In conclusion, visiting an English 幸福の経済学 is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?

In conclusion, visiting an English 幸福の経済学 is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?

In conclusion, visiting an English 幸福の経済学 is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?

In conclusion, visiting an English 幸福の経済学 is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?

In conclusion, visiting an English 幸福の経済学 is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?

In conclusion, visiting an English 幸福の経済学 is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?

In conclusion, visiting an English 幸福の経済学 is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?

In conclusion, visiting an English 幸福の経済学 is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?