参照記事 The Ice Stupas
アイスストゥーパ
ヒマラヤの端にある人工氷河。
チームの一員がシャラのアイスストゥーパを登っている。
ストゥーパとは、サンスクリット語で「積み重ねる」という意味の言葉で、仏教の遺跡を収める建物です。何千年もの間、ストゥーパは木、石、土、粘土、レンガなどの様々な材料で作られ、シンプルなドームから豪華な階層状の塔まで、様々な形を取ってきました。
最初のアイスストゥーパは2013年にカシミールのラダックで作られました。ヒマラヤに囲まれた高山砂漠地帯のラダックの村々は、主に氷河の融水に頼っています。気候変動によって氷河が後退する中、水の流れは不安定になっています。時には水が多すぎて鉄砲水が発生し、しばしば水が不足することがあります。アイスストゥーパは、ラダックのエンジニアであるソナム・ワンチュクの発案で、この問題に対処するための人工氷河です。アイスストゥーパは、仏教のストゥーパが遺物を収めるのと同じように、大切なもの（水）を保管するためのものです。
ステップ1：
ポリエチレン管がアイスストゥーパを高地の水源に接続し、水を下流に引きます。
ステップ2：
亜鉛メッキされた鉄管がアイスストゥーパの基部からスプリンクラーシステムに水を運びます。噴霧された水がネットで覆われたドーム状の構造に集まり、凍結します。
ステップ3：
氷が積み重なるにつれて、構造の高さを増すためにさらに配管を追加することができます。
ステップ4：
50フィートのアイスストゥーパは、1ヶ月以内に作成でき、25万ガロン以上の水を貯蔵します。
ステップ5：
アイスストゥーパはしばしば川床の上に建設され、共同の水供給を補完します。アイデアの一つとして、アイスストゥーパからの水をタンクや滴灌システムに接続された貯水池に集めることが提案されています。
タクマチク村の村民、ツェワン・ヨウトゥール。
タクマチクの高さ70フィートのアイスストゥーパは、1シーズンで50万ガロン以上の水を生み出します。
年間降水量が約4インチの高地砂漠ラダックでは、氷河が縮小し、頻繁な水不足に苦しむ農民が増えています。
パドマ・テンレスとその父は、シャラのアイスストゥーパの建設を手伝いました。彼はメンテナンス作業を手伝うために頻繁に訪れます。
アイスストゥーパは冬に作られ、地下や下り坂を通じて導かれた雪解け水や湧水を使用します。水は夜間に放出され、その時の気温は0度以下に下がります。スプリンクラーを通じて空中に噴射され、凍結します。シーズンの間に、子供たちがビーチで作る砂の城のような輪郭を持つ、精巧な円錐形の構造が形成されます。
アイスストゥーパは10階建ての建物の高さに達することができます。3月に溶け始め、高地では（ラダックの一部の村は海抜15,000フィート以上に位置しています）そのプロセスは7月まで続くことがあります。この融水は、野菜、大麦、ジャガイモを植える春の重要な種まきの季節に農民を助けます。（この地域の年間降水量は平均して約4インチです。）
「ラダックは高地の砂漠であり、農業シーズンは一年に一度しかありません」と、アイスストゥーパのプロジェクトマネージャーを務めたシマント・ヴェルマは説明します。「だから、その月に水が得られなければ、彼らは機会を失うのです。」
急速に縮小している自然の氷河とは対照的に、人工氷河は増加しています。アイスストゥーパプロジェクトは一つのプロトタイプから始まりましたが、この冬にはラダックの少なくとも10の村にストゥーパが建てられました。また、アルプスでもストゥーパが作られ、カナダからも問い合わせが寄せられています。ヴェルマと他のメンバーは、アイスストゥーパの作り方についてのマニュアルを作成し、希望者に提供しています。
「私たちはアイスストゥーパを気候変動への単なる解決策として見ていません」と彼は言いました。「それが私たちの目指しているところではありません。私たちは、他のアイデアが生まれるような革新を促進しようとしています。」
ギャ村の3人の女性が、2019年3月に完成した村の最初のアイスストゥーパを訪れています。
シャラのアイスストゥーパの内部。
フェイ村の近くにある太陽光パネルに映るヒマラヤ。
シェイの伝統的な石造りのストゥーパ。ラダックには数千ものこれらの仏教遺跡があります。
ジングラル村の村犬。
ギャ村の射手。
農業、牧畜、観光がラダックの経済を支えています。
ヒマラヤには他の水収集の方法も伝わっています。数十年にわたり、農民たちは成長期にネットワーク化された運河に溶け込む氷のシートを作り、水供給を増やしてきました。
ラダックの8か月間続く冬の間、積雪により道路が閉鎖され、周辺地域へのアクセスがしばしば遮断されます。
アイスストゥーパ
アイスストゥーパ | The article summarizes アイスストゥーパ’s transformative journey, likening it to effortless fishing where interactions naturally gravitated toward her. Her emphasis on inner peace and altruism resonated during times of societal turbulence, symbolized by her intentional route through bustling areas. Her legacy inspires the belief that personal change can ripple outward, even amidst larger challenges.
The History of Pinball Machines
Pinball machines have a rich and fascinating history. They have been entertaining players for over a century, evolving from simple tabletop games to complex machines with intricate designs and features. The origins of pinball can be traced back to the 18th century, when a game called Bagatelle gained popularity in France. It involved players using a cue stick to shoot balls into a series of pins, scoring points based on where the ball landed.
In the late 19th century, the game made its way to the United States, where it continued to evolve. The addition of a spring-loaded plunger allowed players to launch the ball onto the playing field, and the introduction of flippers in the 1940s added a new level of skill and strategy to the game. Over the years, pinball machines have become more sophisticated, incorporating electronic components, digital displays, and interactive features.
Why Visit a アイスストゥーパ?
There are many reasons why you should visit a アイスストゥーパ. Firstly, it’s a great way to support local businesses. Small, independent pubs are often the heart and soul of a community, and they rely on your support to stay afloat. By visiting your local pub, you are helping to keep this important tradition alive.
Secondly, pubs are a great place to socialize and meet new people. Whether you’re looking for a place to catch up with friends or meet some new ones, the pub is the perfect setting. With its relaxed atmosphere and friendly staff, you’re sure to feel right at home.
Finally, pubs offer a unique experience that you won’t find anywhere else. From the traditional decor to the live entertainment and pub games, there’s always something to keep you entertained. Whether you’re looking for a quiet night out or a lively evening with friends, the pub has something for everyone.
Finding the Best アイスストゥーパ in Your Area
Finding the best アイスストゥーパ in your area can be a daunting task, especially if you’re new to the area. However, there are a few things you can do to make the process easier. Firstly, ask around. Talk to your friends and family and see if they have any recommendations. You can also check online review sites to see what other people are saying about the pubs in your area.
Another great way to find the best pubs in your area is to go on a pub crawl. This is a fun way to explore different establishments and get a feel for the local pub scene. Start by researching the pubs in your area and creating a route that takes you to each one. Make sure to pace yourself and enjoy each pub to its fullest.
Pub Atmosphere and Decor
One of the things that makes アイスストゥーパ so special is their atmosphere and decor. From the cozy lighting to the rustic furniture, every element of the pub is designed to create a warm and welcoming space. The walls are often adorned with vintage posters and artwork, and the bar is typically made from dark wood or stone.
The lighting is also an important part of the pub atmosphere. Many pubs use low lighting to create a cozy, intimate feel. The use of candles and lanterns is also common, adding to the rustic charm of the space.
Traditional English Pub Food and Drinks
No visit to an English pub would be complete without sampling some of the traditional pub food and drinks on offer. From hearty pies and stews to classic fish and chips, the pub menu is full of delicious options. Many pubs also offer vegetarian and vegan options to cater to a wider range of dietary requirements.
When it comes to drinks, beer is the most popular choice in アイスストゥーパ. From classic ales to refreshing lagers, there’s a beer for everyone. Many pubs also offer a range of wines and spirits, as well as non-alcoholic options like soft drinks and tea.
Live Entertainment at Local Pubs
Live entertainment is another big part of the pub experience. Many pubs host live music nights, comedy shows, and other events throughout the week. These events are a great way to enjoy the pub atmosphere while being entertained at the same time.
Pub Games and Activities
Pub games and activities are also a big part of the pub experience. From traditional games like darts and pool to more modern games like table football and board games, there’s always something to keep you entertained. Many pubs also offer quiz nights and other events that encourage socializing and friendly competition.
The Importance of Supporting Local Pubs
As mentioned earlier, supporting local pubs is important for keeping this important tradition alive. Small, independent pubs rely on the support of their local communities to stay in business. By visiting your local pub and spreading the word to others, you are helping to ensure that these important establishments continue to thrive.
Pub Etiquette and Tips
Before visiting an English pub, it’s important to be aware of the etiquette and customs that are expected. Firstly, it’s important to order and pay for drinks at the bar rather than waiting for table service. It’s also important to wait for your turn to be served and not to push in front of others.
When it comes to tipping, it’s not customary to tip at アイスストゥーパ. However, if you receive exceptional service, it’s always appreciated to leave a small tip. Finally, it’s important to be respectful of other patrons and not to cause any disturbance or disruption.
Conclusion: Enjoying the Pub Experience Near You
In conclusion, visiting an English アイスストゥーパ is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?
As a lover of English culture, I have always been drawn to the charm of traditional アイスストゥーパ. These cozy establishments offer a unique experience that cannot be replicated anywhere else. Whether you’re a local or a tourist, there is always something special about finding a great Helena アイスストゥーパ. In this article, I will be exploring the best アイスストゥーパ in your area, discussing everything from the atmosphere and decor to the food, drinks, and entertainment on offer.
The Charm of アイスストゥーパ
There’s something special about the atmosphere of an English pub. These cozy, welcoming spaces are designed to make you feel right at home. With their low ceilings, wooden beams, and roaring fireplaces, アイスストゥーパ exude a sense of warmth and comfort that is hard to find anywhere else. They are a place where people come together to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a pint or two.
The history of アイスストゥーパ is also a big part of their charm. Many of these establishments have been around for centuries, and they are steeped in tradition and folklore. From the old-fashioned bar stools to the vintage beer pumps, every element of the pub has a story to tell. For lovers of history and culture, visiting an English pub is a must.
Why Visit a アイスストゥーパ?
There are many reasons why you should visit a アイスストゥーパ. Firstly, it’s a great way to support local businesses. Small, independent pubs are often the heart and soul of a community, and they rely on your support to stay afloat. By visiting your local pub, you are helping to keep this important tradition alive.
Secondly, pubs are a great place to socialize and meet new people. Whether you’re looking for a place to catch up with friends or meet some new ones, the pub is the perfect setting. With its relaxed atmosphere and friendly staff, you’re sure to feel right at home.
Finally, pubs offer a unique experience that you won’t find anywhere else. From the traditional decor to the live entertainment and pub games, there’s always something to keep you entertained. Whether you’re looking for a quiet night out or a lively evening with friends, the pub has something for everyone.
Finding the Best アイスストゥーパ in Your Area
Finding the best アイスストゥーパ in your area can be a daunting task, especially if you’re new to the area. However, there are a few things you can do to make the process easier. Firstly, ask around. Talk to your friends and family and see if they have any recommendations. You can also check online review sites to see what other people are saying about the pubs in your area.
Another great way to find the best pubs in your area is to go on a pub crawl. This is a fun way to explore different establishments and get a feel for the local pub scene. Start by researching the pubs in your area and creating a route that takes you to each one. Make sure to pace yourself and enjoy each pub to its fullest.
Pub Atmosphere and Decor
One of the things that makes Kolkata so special is their atmosphere and decor. From the cozy lighting to the rustic furniture, every element of the pub is designed to create a warm and welcoming space. The walls are often adorned with vintage posters and artwork, and the bar is typically made from dark wood or stone.
The lighting is also an important part of the pub atmosphere. Many pubs use low lighting to create a cozy, intimate feel. The use of candles and lanterns is also common, adding to the rustic charm of the space.
Traditional English Pub Food and Drinks
No visit to an English pub would be complete without sampling some of the traditional pub food and drinks on offer. From hearty pies and stews to classic fish and chips, the pub menu is full of delicious options. Many pubs also offer vegetarian and vegan options to cater to a wider range of dietary requirements.
When it comes to drinks, beer is the most popular choice in アイスストゥーパ. From classic ales to refreshing lagers, there’s a beer for everyone. Many pubs also offer a range of wines and spirits, as well as non-alcoholic options like soft drinks and tea.
Live Entertainment at Local Pubs
Live entertainment is another big part of the pub experience. Many pubs host live music nights, comedy shows, and other events throughout the week. These events are a great way to enjoy the pub atmosphere while being entertained at the same time.
Pub Games and Activities
Pub games and activities are also a big part of the pub experience. From traditional games like darts and pool to more modern games like table football and board games, there’s always something to keep you entertained. Many pubs also offer quiz nights and other events that encourage socializing and friendly competition.
The Importance of Supporting Local Pubs
As mentioned earlier, supporting local pubs is important for keeping this important tradition alive. Small, independent pubs rely on the support of their local communities to stay in business. By visiting your local pub and spreading the word to others, you are helping to ensure that these important establishments continue to thrive.
Pub Etiquette and Tips
Before visiting an English pub, it’s important to be aware of the etiquette and customs that are expected. Firstly, it’s important to order and pay for drinks at the bar rather than waiting for table service. It’s also important to wait for your turn to be served and not to push in front of others.
Medical Transcription
Spa & Wellness
Life on The Planet
When it comes to tipping, it’s not customary to tip at アイスストゥーパ. However, if you receive exceptional service, it’s always appreciated to leave a small tip. Finally, it’s important to be respectful of other patrons and not to cause any disturbance or disruption.
Conclusion: Enjoying the Pub Experience Near You
In conclusion, visiting an English アイスストゥーパ is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?
In conclusion, visiting an English アイスストゥーパ is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?
In conclusion, visiting an English アイスストゥーパ is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?
In conclusion, visiting an English アイスストゥーパ is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?
In conclusion, visiting an English アイスストゥーパ is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?
In conclusion, visiting an English アイスストゥーパ is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?
In conclusion, visiting an English アイスストゥーパ is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?
In conclusion, visiting an English アイスストゥーパ is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?
In conclusion, visiting an English アイスストゥーパ is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?
In conclusion, visiting an English アイスストゥーパ is a great way to unwind, socialize, and enjoy a unique cultural experience. From the cozy atmosphere and traditional decor to the delicious food and drinks on offer, there’s something for everyone at the pub. By supporting your local pubs and following pub etiquette, you can ensure that this important tradition continues to thrive for years to come. So why not grab some friends and head down to your local pub today?